45-year-old Buko Balguda from Duss, a Karo tribal village in southern
Ethiopia's Omo Valley is a lonely woman. Why? Her seven sons and eight
daughters were all killed at birth by village elders who decided that
the children were cursed.
Balguda says, 'I lost five plus five
plus five babies - 15 in total, I had seven males and eight females.
During this time, our tribal traditions were very hard. I did not
respect our traditions, so they killed my children.'
Balguda’s
children were killed because they were called the 'mingi' or cursed
children. The concept of 'mingi' or cursed children remains a religious
belief of the Hamer and Bana people, with elders insisting that mingi
infants are killed before they can bring the rest of the tribe bad luck.
The
belief is still practiced and despite efforts by the Ethiopian
government to ban it - cursed children are murdered every day, whether
by being left alone to be eaten by hyenas, thrown to hungry crocodiles
or simply starved to death in a locked hut.
Balguda’s problems did
not begin with the death of her children, it stated when her her future
husband failed to take part in her tribe's traditional bull jumping
ceremony - an initiation rite for men which has to be completed before
they can marry.
When he married Ms Balguda anyway, village elders
declared that any children would be considered illegitimate and would be
killed as soon as they were born.
According to a photographer Eric Lafforgue who has spent a
considerable amount of time with the Karo and Hamer tribes, illegitimacy
isn't the only reason for a child being declared a 'mingi'.
"Others
are deemed cursed because of disabilities, because their parents didn't
get permission for a pregnancy from the elders, because they are a twin
and most cruelly of all, because their teeth develop the wrong way."
Lafforgue
says, "If the first tooth appears in the upper jaw, instead of the
lower, the child becomes mingi, this applies to the baby teeth and the
adult teeth, so older children can be killed too.
"Being declared
mingi almost always means death of the child,' he continues. 'The tribe
will leave the child alone in the bush without food and water or will
throw the child in the middle of the river full of crocodiles."
"The
Karo, Bana and Hamer tribes believe evil spirits or a "curse" will
bring bad luck for the community, like drought, famine, disease or even
death if mingi children are not killed."
“Cruel though the
practice is, The villagers fear that that if the children aren't killed,
bad luck will blight the tribe. 'Most of the tribes in the Omo Valley
still have strong superstitions," adds Lafforgue
Although Balguda wasn't required to kill her own child, she was forced
to stand and watch as elders carried her babies away to their
deaths. "It was not me who killed the babies," she remembers. "It was
other people from my village. I broke the rules of our community, so
they killed my babies."
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